De Toekomst Smeden: Een analyse van het toekomstperspectief van de Nederlandse metaalindustrie

[Forging the Future: An analysis of the future prospects of the Dutch metal industry]

John Kennedy, Henri van Soest, Tristan Kreetz, Maxime Sommerfeld Antoniou, Beatrice Aubert

ResearchPublished Apr 2, 2025

Cover: De Toekomst Smeden: Een analyse van het toekomstperspectief van de Nederlandse metaalindustrie
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Note: This report is in Dutch. An English-language summary is available.

This report analyses the economic significance of the Dutch metals industry. It provides an analysis of the current state of the two main subsectors of the Dutch metals industry, the basic metals sector, focused on the production of metals, and the metal products sector, focused on the production of secondary and finished metal products, and outlines their specific contributions to the Dutch economy. The Dutch metals industry can be understood as an ecosystem, in which networks of small and medium enterprises work together to provide highly tailored inputs for large companies. The report then sets out some of the major challenges and opportunities for the industry and its two main subsectors, and concludes with a number of recommendations for the effective support of the industry in light of those challenges.

Key Findings

The Dutch metals industry is highly diversified

  • The Dutch metals industry is made up of two main subsectors: the basic metals sector, focused on metal production and dominated by a few large companies; and the metal products sector, centred on the production of secondary or finished metal products and made up of a large number of small and medium enterprises.

The metals industry plays an important role in the Dutch economy

  • The metal products sector supplies important inputs for key sectors of the Dutch economy, such as the maritime, agricultural, construction, and high-tech sectors, and functions as an attractor for economic activity. While the basic metals sector adds less economic value, it offers strategic autonomy by key basic materials.

The metals industry forms a unique innovative ecosystem

  • The Dutch metal products sector is particularly innovative and flexible. Networks of small and medium enterprises collaborate to produce high-quality, custom-made products for key sectors of the Dutch economy. These networks are characterised by relations of trust and goodwill between small and medium enterprises and large companies, and have often developed together over the course of decades.

The ecosystem of the Dutch metals industry is under growing strain

  • The industry faces several significant challenges. The industry is failing to attract a sufficient number of skilled workers. The relatively high cost of labour in the Netherlands also means that the industry is struggling to compete. Small and medium enterprises are struggling to invest and automate, and the industry perceives the regulatory landscape as uncertain.

Recommendations

  • Consider the basic metals and the metal products industries separately when designing policy.
  • Pay attention to the industrial ecosystem of the metals industry as a whole.
  • Develop a consistent long-term policy approach to the metals industry.
  • Improve the availability, quality and attractiveness of technical education for the metals industry.
  • Consider providing SMEs with specific support to enable digitalisation, automation and decarbonisation.
  • Optimise energy policy to relieve net congestion.

Document Details

Citation

RAND Style Manual

Kennedy, John, Henri van Soest, Tristan Kreetz, Maxime Sommerfeld Antoniou, and Beatrice Aubert, De Toekomst Smeden: Een analyse van het toekomstperspectief van de Nederlandse metaalindustrie: [Forging the Future: An analysis of the future prospects of the Dutch metal industry], RAND Corporation, RR-A3654-1, 2025. As of May 1, 2025: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA3654-1.html

Chicago Manual of Style

Kennedy, John, Henri van Soest, Tristan Kreetz, Maxime Sommerfeld Antoniou, and Beatrice Aubert, De Toekomst Smeden: Een analyse van het toekomstperspectief van de Nederlandse metaalindustrie: [Forging the Future: An analysis of the future prospects of the Dutch metal industry]. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2025. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA3654-1.html.
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The research described in this report was prepared for the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy and conducted by RAND Europe.

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